Acne

Acne, eruptive skin disease. It is primarily a disorder of the sebaceous follicles of the skin and appears most often on the face, neck, and back. The natural secretion, or sebum, of the follicles accumulates and mixes with dust and dirt. The follicles and surrounding tissue become inflamed and blackheads appear. If the follicle opening completely closes, the accumulated sebum is degraded by bacteria and forms a cyst.

Acne vulgaris, the most common form, is usually associated with adolescence but may also occur in adults. A severe form of the disorder is known as acne conglobata. Other forms of acne are also observed, such as the chloracne caused by chlorinated compounds. In acne rosacea, the capillaries in the cheeks, forehead, and nose are swollen with blood and the oil glands in the skin become infected.

Acne in adolescence results primarily from hormonal changes taking place in the body; the hormones stimulate sebum production. Outbreaks cannot be prevented by a controlled diet and are not a sign of uncleanliness. Good hygiene should be observed, however, to prevent more serious infections. Severe acne may be treated by antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, or vitamin A derivatives. Severe acne in adults may be a sign of an underlying