Hemorrhoid
. Hemorrhoid, small swelling, occurring in or around the rectum or at the anus, caused by enlargement of the superficial veins. A hemorrhoid occasionally prolapses, or protrudes from the anus, causing discomfort by strangulation; to relieve the pain, the prolapsed hemorrhoid must be replaced within the anal sphincter muscle. Hemorrhoids, or piles, sometimes itch or cause pain in the rectum. They often bleed. Symptoms usually occur after defecation, particularly after passing a hard stool. Continued bleeding, even if slight, over a long period may cause anemia . A common ailment among adults, hemorrhoids often are associated with habitual constipation and with pregnancy. Prolonged sitting and mental stress may be contributory factors. The treatment includes palliative measures, such as the use of suppositories, astringent ointments, diet, or medication to keep the stool soft, and hot sitz baths. Pain from thrombosed hemorrhoids may be relieved by spraying with a local anesthetic, open...