Theophylline

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Theophylline, prescription drug used to treat asthma, a chronic disease of the respiratory system. It is also used to treat asthmalike symptoms in patients with emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary (lung) disease. Theophylline is sometimes used to treat breathing problems in infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). As a bronchodilator, the drug works by relaxing constricted muscles of the lung’s bronchi, the two branches of the trachea (windpipe) that lead to the lungs. It also opens blood vessels in the lungs, improving circulation.

Theophylline is available in capsule, tablet, and liquid form. All are taken orally, usually with food to prevent stomach irritation. Dosage in children under the age of 16 is based on body weight. Adult dosages usually start at 200 mg taken twice a day, which may be increased if needed. The maximum adult dose is 900 mg per day. Effectiveness is usually apparent within 48 to 72 hours.

Patients with peptic ulcers, seizure disorders, impaired liver or kidney function, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, or heart disease should use this drug with caution. Theophylline should not be used by breast-feeding women and should be avoided during pregnancy.

Side effects may include nausea or restlessness, especially when starting treatment with theophylline. Other possible side effects are diarrhea, headache, increased urination, insomnia, low blood pressure, or skin rash. Changes in heart rate, another possible side effect, should be checked by a doctor. Symptoms of overdose can include the side effects described above or more severe effects including high fever, convulsions, or coma.

Theophylline may interact adversely with the medication in a flu shot. It also may interact with cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, phenytoin, propanolol, and birth control pills.

Brand Names: Slo-bid, Theo-dur

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