Ciprofloxacin

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Ciprofloxacin, drug used to treat bacterial infections in the lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, bones, joints, and skin. It is also used to treat serious ear infections, cholera, tuberculosis, infectious diarrhea, and infections associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ciprofloxacin is prescribed after exposure to the bacteria that cause anthrax to reduce the incidence or progression of the disease. For maximum effectiveness against inhalation anthrax, the most dangerous form of the disease, the drug should be administered as soon as possible after exposure, even before symptoms appear. Ciprofloxacin works by blocking the action of gyrase, an enzyme needed by the invading bacteria for cell reproduction, thereby slowing or completely stopping bacterial growth.

The drug is available by prescription in tablets, which are taken orally with or without food, and in a liquid, which is used in the form of eyedrops. Depending on the severity of infection, dosages for tablets range from 250 to 750 mg taken every 12 hours. Eyedrops are typically prescribed as one or two drops every 2 to 4 hours for the treatment of bacterial eye infections. Patients taking ciprofloxacin should drink plenty of fluids but avoid excessive caffeine. Pregnant women, breast-feeding women, and children under the age of 18 should not take this drug.

Possible side effects include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, skin rash, sensitivity to light, or restlessness. Serious side effects should be reported to a doctor, as allergic reactions to this drug, while rare, can be fatal. Allergic symptoms may include facial swelling, shortness of breath, tingling or itching, hives, or unconsciousness.

Patients with severe liver disease, impaired kidney function, or with epilepsy or other disorders or injuries affecting the central nervous system should use this drug with caution. Those who experience dizziness or lightheadedness with this medication should not drive, operate dangerous machinery, or engage in other risk-related activities. Because of the possible risk of tendon rupture, strenuous physical activity should be avoided or approved by a doctor.

Ciprofloxacin should not be combined with the drug theophylline, as serious or fatal reactions can result. It may interact adversely with phenytoin and warfarin. Ciprofloxacin may be less effective when used in combination with vitamin supplements containing zinc or iron or with antacids containing calcium, aluminum, or magnesium.

Brand Names: Cipro, Ciloxan

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